Rehabilitation v. Punishment: Evaluating Effectiveness in reducing Recidivism
Abstract
The study titled “Rehabilitation v. Punishment: Evaluating Effectiveness in Reducing Recidivism” critically analyzes the continuous conflict between punitive and rehabilitative measures within the criminal justice system. It traces the historical development of imprisonment from retaliation to correctional reform, examining the theoretical and conceptual foundations of punishment, rehabilitation, and recidivism. Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the study examines India’s current legal system, emphasizing both reformative measures like probation, parole, open prisons, and vocational training as well as punishment-based measures like imprisonment, fines, and the death penalty. The study also highlights the shortcomings of strictly punitive approaches in reducing reoffending through a comparative analysis and promotes a well-rounded, integrated strategy that include opportunities for reformation and reintegration with discipline. A paradigm shift towards restorative justice is reflected in recent legislative changes, such as the formal inclusion of community service as a punishment. The study concludes that in order to effectively lower recidivism and foster long-term social harmony and justice, offenders must be treated as reformable individuals who receive education, counseling, and skill development.
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