Virtual Stage, Real Work: Child Influencers and Universal Human Rights Norms

Abstract

With the rapidly changing socio-political and technological landscape, the definition and manifestation of child labor are also shifting beyond traditional industries. The discourse of child labor has traditionally focused on employment of children in physical spaces such as factories, fields and domestic work. Previously, global efforts have been made for putting an end to child labor, however, with rapid development of digital economy, a new form of child labor is emerging, though less visible but equally concerning. In the recent years, world has witnessed the rapid emergence of child influencers, often achieving celebrity status and substantial financial gains. While this new form of digital engagement provides ample opportunities for income and creativity, it also brings to the light serious implications about welfare of children, including risk of exposure to public scrutiny, psychological stress, absence of legal framework and most importantly financial exploitation in the hands of parents or guardians of such children. This article examines the phenomenon of child influencers on social media platforms like, YouTube and Instagram, where children often create monetized content that may erase the difference between creative expression and exploitative labor. This study then proceeds to critically analyze the ethical, psychological and legal aspects of digital participation of children, asking whether such activities violate the principles of International Human Rights outlined in frameworks like, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. It further highlights the gaps in existing legal framework and protection of children from digital exploitation especially in countries like India, where the intricacies between technology, tradition and economic aspiration complicates regulatory oversight.